Heart cells are prone to apoptosis caused by MI-induced hypoxia, and angiogenesis can reduce MI-caused damage by mitigating hypoxia. Angiogenesis plays an essential role in maintaining cardiac vascularization and blood perfusion in physiological and pathological host cardiac tissues. Angiogenesis was assessed at the infarcted region in each group by detecting the microvessel and arteriole protein-labeled vessels. Conductive scaffolds have always served as a bioactive framework for restoring the conductive microenvironment in MI regions, thereby facilitating cell adhesion and neovascularization to the infarcted region.

To examine whether SP hydrogel ECPs affected electrical propagation and activity across the ventricle, epicardial mapping of the LV free wall was performed on isolated Langendorff perfused hearts.

SP hydrogel ECP promoted electrical conduction and revascularization in the infarcted heart.

(A) Representative electrical maps of the isolated rat heart in different ECP groups. The earliest activation is exhibited in red, the latest activation is shown in blue, and the numbers indicate the activation time (ms).

(B) The CV between infarcted and healthy sites is significantly improved in the SP hydrogel ECP groups.

DOI: 10.34133/research.0161

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10250027/